install¶
Specify rules to run at install time.
Synopsis¶
install(TARGETS <target>... [...]) install({FILES | PROGRAMS} <file>... [...]) install(DIRECTORY <dir>... [...]) install(SCRIPT <file> [...]) install(CODE <code> [...]) install(EXPORT <export-name> [...])
Introduction¶
This command generates installation rules for a project. Install rules
specified by calls to the install()
command within a source directory
are executed in order during installation. Install rules in subdirectories
added by calls to the add_subdirectory()
command are interleaved
with those in the parent directory to run in the order declared (see
policy CMP0082
).
There are multiple signatures for this command. Some of them define installation options for files and targets. Options common to multiple signatures are covered here but they are valid only for signatures that specify them. The common options are:
DESTINATION
Specify the directory on disk to which a file will be installed. Arguments can be relative or absolute paths.
If a relative path is given it is interpreted relative to the value of the
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
variable. The prefix can be relocated at install time using theDESTDIR
mechanism explained in theCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
variable documentation.If an absolute path (with a leading slash or drive letter) is given it is used verbatim.
As absolute paths are not supported by
cpack
installer generators, it is preferable to use relative paths throughout. In particular, there is no need to make paths absolute by prependingCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
; this prefix is used by default if the DESTINATION is a relative path.PERMISSIONS
Specify permissions for installed files. Valid permissions are
OWNER_READ
,OWNER_WRITE
,OWNER_EXECUTE
,GROUP_READ
,GROUP_WRITE
,GROUP_EXECUTE
,WORLD_READ
,WORLD_WRITE
,WORLD_EXECUTE
,SETUID
, andSETGID
. Permissions that do not make sense on certain platforms are ignored on those platforms.CONFIGURATIONS
Specify a list of build configurations for which the install rule applies (Debug, Release, etc.). Note that the values specified for this option only apply to options listed AFTER the
CONFIGURATIONS
option. For example, to set separate install paths for the Debug and Release configurations, do the following:install(TARGETS target CONFIGURATIONS Debug RUNTIME DESTINATION Debug/bin) install(TARGETS target CONFIGURATIONS Release RUNTIME DESTINATION Release/bin)
Note that
CONFIGURATIONS
appears BEFORERUNTIME DESTINATION
.COMPONENT
Specify an installation component name with which the install rule is associated, such as “runtime” or “development”. During component-specific installation only install rules associated with the given component name will be executed. During a full installation all components are installed unless marked with
EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
. IfCOMPONENT
is not provided a default component “Unspecified” is created. The default component name may be controlled with theCMAKE_INSTALL_DEFAULT_COMPONENT_NAME
variable.EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
Specify that the file is excluded from a full installation and only installed as part of a component-specific installation
RENAME
Specify a name for an installed file that may be different from the original file. Renaming is allowed only when a single file is installed by the command.
OPTIONAL
Specify that it is not an error if the file to be installed does not exist.
Command signatures that install files may print messages during
installation. Use the CMAKE_INSTALL_MESSAGE
variable
to control which messages are printed.
Many of the install()
variants implicitly create the directories
containing the installed files. If
CMAKE_INSTALL_DEFAULT_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS
is set, these
directories will be created with the permissions specified. Otherwise,
they will be created according to the uname rules on Unix-like platforms.
Windows platforms are unaffected.
Installing Targets¶
install(TARGETS targets... [EXPORT <export-name>]
[[ARCHIVE|LIBRARY|RUNTIME|OBJECTS|FRAMEWORK|BUNDLE|
PRIVATE_HEADER|PUBLIC_HEADER|RESOURCE]
[DESTINATION <dir>]
[PERMISSIONS permissions...]
[CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
[COMPONENT <component>]
[NAMELINK_COMPONENT <component>]
[OPTIONAL] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
[NAMELINK_ONLY|NAMELINK_SKIP]
] [...]
[INCLUDES DESTINATION [<dir> ...]]
)
The TARGETS
form specifies rules for installing targets from a
project. There are several kinds of target Output Artifacts
that may be installed:
ARCHIVE
Target artifacts of this kind include:
Static libraries (except on macOS when marked as
FRAMEWORK
, see below);DLL import libraries (on all Windows-based systems including Cygwin; they have extension
.lib
, in contrast to the.dll
libraries that go toRUNTIME
);On AIX, the linker import file created for executables with
ENABLE_EXPORTS
enabled.
LIBRARY
Target artifacts of this kind include:
Shared libraries, except
DLLs (these go to
RUNTIME
, see below),on macOS when marked as
FRAMEWORK
(see below).
RUNTIME
Target artifacts of this kind include:
Executables (except on macOS when marked as
MACOSX_BUNDLE
, seeBUNDLE
below);DLLs (on all Windows-based systems including Cygwin; note that the accompanying import libraries are of kind
ARCHIVE
).
OBJECTS
Object files associated with object libraries.
FRAMEWORK
Both static and shared libraries marked with the
FRAMEWORK
property are treated asFRAMEWORK
targets on macOS.BUNDLE
Executables marked with the
MACOSX_BUNDLE
property are treated asBUNDLE
targets on macOS.PUBLIC_HEADER
Any
PUBLIC_HEADER
files associated with a library are installed in the destination specified by thePUBLIC_HEADER
argument on non-Apple platforms. Rules defined by this argument are ignored forFRAMEWORK
libraries on Apple platforms because the associated files are installed into the appropriate locations inside the framework folder. SeePUBLIC_HEADER
for details.PRIVATE_HEADER
Similar to
PUBLIC_HEADER
, but forPRIVATE_HEADER
files. SeePRIVATE_HEADER
for details.RESOURCE
Similar to
PUBLIC_HEADER
andPRIVATE_HEADER
, but forRESOURCE
files. SeeRESOURCE
for details.
For each of these arguments given, the arguments following them only apply to the target or file type specified in the argument. If none is given, the installation properties apply to all target types. If only one is given then only targets of that type will be installed (which can be used to install just a DLL or just an import library.)
For regular executables, static libraries and shared libraries, the
DESTINATION
argument is not required. For these target types, when
DESTINATION
is omitted, a default destination will be taken from the
appropriate variable from GNUInstallDirs
, or set to a built-in
default value if that variable is not defined. The same is true for the
public and private headers associated with the installed targets through the
PUBLIC_HEADER
and PRIVATE_HEADER
target properties.
A destination must always be provided for module libraries, Apple bundles and
frameworks. A destination can be omitted for interface and object libraries,
but they are handled differently (see the discussion of this topic toward the
end of this section).
The following table shows the target types with their associated variables and built-in defaults that apply when no destination is given:
Target Type |
GNUInstallDirs Variable |
Built-In Default |
---|---|---|
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Projects wishing to follow the common practice of installing headers into a project-specific subdirectory will need to provide a destination rather than rely on the above.
To make packages compliant with distribution filesystem layout policies, if
projects must specify a DESTINATION
, it is recommended that they use a
path that begins with the appropriate GNUInstallDirs
variable.
This allows package maintainers to control the install destination by setting
the appropriate cache variables. The following example shows a static library
being installed to the default destination provided by
GNUInstallDirs
, but with its headers installed to a project-specific
subdirectory that follows the above recommendation:
add_library(mylib STATIC ...)
set_target_properties(mylib PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER mylib.h)
include(GNUInstallDirs)
install(TARGETS mylib
PUBLIC_HEADER
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/myproj
)
In addition to the common options listed above, each target can accept the following additional arguments:
NAMELINK_COMPONENT
On some platforms a versioned shared library has a symbolic link such as:
lib<name>.so -> lib<name>.so.1
where
lib<name>.so.1
is the soname of the library andlib<name>.so
is a “namelink” allowing linkers to find the library when given-l<name>
. TheNAMELINK_COMPONENT
option is similar to theCOMPONENT
option, but it changes the installation component of a shared library namelink if one is generated. If not specified, this defaults to the value ofCOMPONENT
. It is an error to use this parameter outside of aLIBRARY
block.Consider the following example:
install(TARGETS mylib LIBRARY COMPONENT Libraries NAMELINK_COMPONENT Development PUBLIC_HEADER COMPONENT Development )
In this scenario, if you choose to install only the
Development
component, both the headers and namelink will be installed without the library. (If you don’t also install theLibraries
component, the namelink will be a dangling symlink, and projects that link to the library will have build errors.) If you install only theLibraries
component, only the library will be installed, without the headers and namelink.This option is typically used for package managers that have separate runtime and development packages. For example, on Debian systems, the library is expected to be in the runtime package, and the headers and namelink are expected to be in the development package.
See the
VERSION
andSOVERSION
target properties for details on creating versioned shared libraries.NAMELINK_ONLY
This option causes the installation of only the namelink when a library target is installed. On platforms where versioned shared libraries do not have namelinks or when a library is not versioned, the
NAMELINK_ONLY
option installs nothing. It is an error to use this parameter outside of aLIBRARY
block.When
NAMELINK_ONLY
is given, eitherNAMELINK_COMPONENT
orCOMPONENT
may be used to specify the installation component of the namelink, butCOMPONENT
should generally be preferred.NAMELINK_SKIP
Similar to
NAMELINK_ONLY
, but it has the opposite effect: it causes the installation of library files other than the namelink when a library target is installed. When neitherNAMELINK_ONLY
orNAMELINK_SKIP
are given, both portions are installed. On platforms where versioned shared libraries do not have symlinks or when a library is not versioned,NAMELINK_SKIP
installs the library. It is an error to use this parameter outside of aLIBRARY
block.If
NAMELINK_SKIP
is specified,NAMELINK_COMPONENT
has no effect. It is not recommended to useNAMELINK_SKIP
in conjunction withNAMELINK_COMPONENT
.
The install(TARGETS) command can also accept the following options at the top level:
EXPORT
This option associates the installed target files with an export called
<export-name>
. It must appear before any target options. To actually install the export file itself, call install(EXPORT), documented below. See documentation of theEXPORT_NAME
target property to change the name of the exported target.INCLUDES DESTINATION
This option specifies a list of directories which will be added to the
INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
target property of the<targets>
when exported by the install(EXPORT) command. If a relative path is specified, it is treated as relative to the$<INSTALL_PREFIX>
.
One or more groups of properties may be specified in a single call to
the TARGETS
form of this command. A target may be installed more than
once to different locations. Consider hypothetical targets myExe
,
mySharedLib
, and myStaticLib
. The code:
install(TARGETS myExe mySharedLib myStaticLib
RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib/static)
install(TARGETS mySharedLib DESTINATION /some/full/path)
will install myExe
to <prefix>/bin
and myStaticLib
to
<prefix>/lib/static
. On non-DLL platforms mySharedLib
will be
installed to <prefix>/lib
and /some/full/path
. On DLL platforms
the mySharedLib
DLL will be installed to <prefix>/bin
and
/some/full/path
and its import library will be installed to
<prefix>/lib/static
and /some/full/path
.
Interface Libraries may be listed among the targets to install.
They install no artifacts but will be included in an associated EXPORT
.
If Object Libraries are listed but given no destination for their
object files, they will be exported as Interface Libraries.
This is sufficient to satisfy transitive usage requirements of other
targets that link to the object libraries in their implementation.
Installing a target with the EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
target property
set to TRUE
has undefined behavior.
install(TARGETS) can install targets that were created in
other directories. When using such cross-directory install rules, running
make install
(or similar) from a subdirectory will not guarantee that
targets from other directories are up-to-date. You can use
target_link_libraries()
or add_dependencies()
to ensure that such out-of-directory targets are built before the
subdirectory-specific install rules are run.
An install destination given as a DESTINATION
argument may
use “generator expressions” with the syntax $<...>
. See the
cmake-generator-expressions(7)
manual for available expressions.
Installing Files¶
install(<FILES|PROGRAMS> files...
TYPE <type> | DESTINATION <dir>
[PERMISSIONS permissions...]
[CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
[COMPONENT <component>]
[RENAME <name>] [OPTIONAL] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL])
The FILES
form specifies rules for installing files for a project.
File names given as relative paths are interpreted with respect to the
current source directory. Files installed by this form are by default
given permissions OWNER_WRITE
, OWNER_READ
, GROUP_READ
, and
WORLD_READ
if no PERMISSIONS
argument is given.
The PROGRAMS
form is identical to the FILES
form except that the
default permissions for the installed file also include OWNER_EXECUTE
,
GROUP_EXECUTE
, and WORLD_EXECUTE
. This form is intended to install
programs that are not targets, such as shell scripts. Use the TARGETS
form to install targets built within the project.
The list of files...
given to FILES
or PROGRAMS
may use
“generator expressions” with the syntax $<...>
. See the
cmake-generator-expressions(7)
manual for available expressions.
However, if any item begins in a generator expression it must evaluate
to a full path.
Either a TYPE
or a DESTINATION
must be provided, but not both.
A TYPE
argument specifies the generic file type of the files being
installed. A destination will then be set automatically by taking the
corresponding variable from GNUInstallDirs
, or by using a
built-in default if that variable is not defined. See the table below for
the supported file types and their corresponding variables and built-in
defaults. Projects can provide a DESTINATION
argument instead of a
file type if they wish to explicitly define the install destination.
|
GNUInstallDirs Variable |
Built-In Default |
---|---|---|
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Projects wishing to follow the common practice of installing headers into a project-specific subdirectory will need to provide a destination rather than rely on the above.
Note that some of the types’ built-in defaults use the DATAROOT
directory as
a prefix. The DATAROOT
prefix is calculated similarly to the types, with
CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR
as the variable and share
as the built-in
default. You cannot use DATAROOT
as a TYPE
parameter; please use
DATA
instead.
To make packages compliant with distribution filesystem layout policies, if
projects must specify a DESTINATION
, it is recommended that they use a
path that begins with the appropriate GNUInstallDirs
variable.
This allows package maintainers to control the install destination by setting
the appropriate cache variables. The following example shows how to follow
this advice while installing headers to a project-specific subdirectory:
include(GNUInstallDirs)
install(FILES mylib.h
DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/myproj
)
An install destination given as a DESTINATION
argument may
use “generator expressions” with the syntax $<...>
. See the
cmake-generator-expressions(7)
manual for available expressions.
Installing Directories¶
install(DIRECTORY dirs...
TYPE <type> | DESTINATION <dir>
[FILE_PERMISSIONS permissions...]
[DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS permissions...]
[USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS] [OPTIONAL] [MESSAGE_NEVER]
[CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
[COMPONENT <component>] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
[FILES_MATCHING]
[[PATTERN <pattern> | REGEX <regex>]
[EXCLUDE] [PERMISSIONS permissions...]] [...])
The DIRECTORY
form installs contents of one or more directories to a
given destination. The directory structure is copied verbatim to the
destination. The last component of each directory name is appended to
the destination directory but a trailing slash may be used to avoid
this because it leaves the last component empty. Directory names
given as relative paths are interpreted with respect to the current
source directory. If no input directory names are given the
destination directory will be created but nothing will be installed
into it. The FILE_PERMISSIONS
and DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS
options
specify permissions given to files and directories in the destination.
If USE_SOURCE_PERMISSIONS
is specified and FILE_PERMISSIONS
is not,
file permissions will be copied from the source directory structure.
If no permissions are specified files will be given the default
permissions specified in the FILES
form of the command, and the
directories will be given the default permissions specified in the
PROGRAMS
form of the command.
The MESSAGE_NEVER
option disables file installation status output.
Installation of directories may be controlled with fine granularity
using the PATTERN
or REGEX
options. These “match” options specify a
globbing pattern or regular expression to match directories or files
encountered within input directories. They may be used to apply
certain options (see below) to a subset of the files and directories
encountered. The full path to each input file or directory (with
forward slashes) is matched against the expression. A PATTERN
will
match only complete file names: the portion of the full path matching
the pattern must occur at the end of the file name and be preceded by
a slash. A REGEX
will match any portion of the full path but it may
use /
and $
to simulate the PATTERN
behavior. By default all
files and directories are installed whether or not they are matched.
The FILES_MATCHING
option may be given before the first match option
to disable installation of files (but not directories) not matched by
any expression. For example, the code
install(DIRECTORY src/ DESTINATION include/myproj
FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h")
will extract and install header files from a source tree.
Some options may follow a PATTERN
or REGEX
expression and are applied
only to files or directories matching them. The EXCLUDE
option will
skip the matched file or directory. The PERMISSIONS
option overrides
the permissions setting for the matched file or directory. For
example the code
install(DIRECTORY icons scripts/ DESTINATION share/myproj
PATTERN "CVS" EXCLUDE
PATTERN "scripts/*"
PERMISSIONS OWNER_EXECUTE OWNER_WRITE OWNER_READ
GROUP_EXECUTE GROUP_READ)
will install the icons
directory to share/myproj/icons
and the
scripts
directory to share/myproj
. The icons will get default
file permissions, the scripts will be given specific permissions, and any
CVS
directories will be excluded.
Either a TYPE
or a DESTINATION
must be provided, but not both.
A TYPE
argument specifies the generic file type of the files within the
listed directories being installed. A destination will then be set
automatically by taking the corresponding variable from
GNUInstallDirs
, or by using a built-in default if that variable
is not defined. See the table below for the supported file types and their
corresponding variables and built-in defaults. Projects can provide a
DESTINATION
argument instead of a file type if they wish to explicitly
define the install destination.
|
GNUInstallDirs Variable |
Built-In Default |
---|---|---|
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Note that some of the types’ built-in defaults use the DATAROOT
directory as
a prefix. The DATAROOT
prefix is calculated similarly to the types, with
CMAKE_INSTALL_DATAROOTDIR
as the variable and share
as the built-in
default. You cannot use DATAROOT
as a TYPE
parameter; please use
DATA
instead.
To make packages compliant with distribution filesystem layout policies, if
projects must specify a DESTINATION
, it is recommended that they use a
path that begins with the appropriate GNUInstallDirs
variable.
This allows package maintainers to control the install destination by setting
the appropriate cache variables.
The list of dirs...
given to DIRECTORY
and an install destination
given as a DESTINATION
argument may use “generator expressions”
with the syntax $<...>
. See the cmake-generator-expressions(7)
manual for available expressions.
Custom Installation Logic¶
install([[SCRIPT <file>] [CODE <code>]]
[COMPONENT <component>] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL] [...])
The SCRIPT
form will invoke the given CMake script files during
installation. If the script file name is a relative path it will be
interpreted with respect to the current source directory. The CODE
form will invoke the given CMake code during installation. Code is
specified as a single argument inside a double-quoted string. For
example, the code
install(CODE "MESSAGE(\"Sample install message.\")")
will print a message during installation.
<file>
or <code>
may use “generator expressions” with the syntax
$<...>
(in the case of <file>
, this refers to their use in the file
name, not the file’s contents). See the
cmake-generator-expressions(7)
manual for available expressions.
Installing Exports¶
install(EXPORT <export-name> DESTINATION <dir>
[NAMESPACE <namespace>] [[FILE <name>.cmake]|
[PERMISSIONS permissions...]
[CONFIGURATIONS [Debug|Release|...]]
[EXPORT_LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES]
[COMPONENT <component>]
[EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL])
install(EXPORT_ANDROID_MK <export-name> DESTINATION <dir> [...])
The EXPORT
form generates and installs a CMake file containing code to
import targets from the installation tree into another project.
Target installations are associated with the export <export-name>
using the EXPORT
option of the install(TARGETS) signature
documented above. The NAMESPACE
option will prepend <namespace>
to
the target names as they are written to the import file. By default
the generated file will be called <export-name>.cmake
but the FILE
option may be used to specify a different name. The value given to
the FILE
option must be a file name with the .cmake
extension.
If a CONFIGURATIONS
option is given then the file will only be installed
when one of the named configurations is installed. Additionally, the
generated import file will reference only the matching target
configurations. The EXPORT_LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES
keyword, if
present, causes the contents of the properties matching
(IMPORTED_)?LINK_INTERFACE_LIBRARIES(_<CONFIG>)?
to be exported, when
policy CMP0022
is NEW
.
Note
The installed <export-name>.cmake
file may come with additional
per-configuration <export-name>-*.cmake
files to be loaded by
globbing. Do not use an export name that is the same as the package
name in combination with installing a <package-name>-config.cmake
file or the latter may be incorrectly matched by the glob and loaded.
When a COMPONENT
option is given, the listed <component>
implicitly
depends on all components mentioned in the export set. The exported
<name>.cmake
file will require each of the exported components to be
present in order for dependent projects to build properly. For example, a
project may define components Runtime
and Development
, with shared
libraries going into the Runtime
component and static libraries and
headers going into the Development
component. The export set would also
typically be part of the Development
component, but it would export
targets from both the Runtime
and Development
components. Therefore,
the Runtime
component would need to be installed if the Development
component was installed, but not vice versa. If the Development
component
was installed without the Runtime
component, dependent projects that try
to link against it would have build errors. Package managers, such as APT and
RPM, typically handle this by listing the Runtime
component as a dependency
of the Development
component in the package metadata, ensuring that the
library is always installed if the headers and CMake export file are present.
In addition to cmake language files, the EXPORT_ANDROID_MK
mode maybe
used to specify an export to the android ndk build system. This mode
accepts the same options as the normal export mode. The Android
NDK supports the use of prebuilt libraries, both static and shared. This
allows cmake to build the libraries of a project and make them available
to an ndk build system complete with transitive dependencies, include flags
and defines required to use the libraries.
The EXPORT
form is useful to help outside projects use targets built
and installed by the current project. For example, the code
install(TARGETS myexe EXPORT myproj DESTINATION bin)
install(EXPORT myproj NAMESPACE mp_ DESTINATION lib/myproj)
install(EXPORT_ANDROID_MK myproj DESTINATION share/ndk-modules)
will install the executable myexe
to <prefix>/bin
and code to import
it in the file <prefix>/lib/myproj/myproj.cmake
and
<prefix>/share/ndk-modules/Android.mk
. An outside project
may load this file with the include command and reference the myexe
executable from the installation tree using the imported target name
mp_myexe
as if the target were built in its own tree.
Note
This command supercedes the install_targets()
command and
the PRE_INSTALL_SCRIPT
and POST_INSTALL_SCRIPT
target properties. It also replaces the FILES
forms of the
install_files()
and install_programs()
commands.
The processing order of these install rules relative to
those generated by install_targets()
,
install_files()
, and install_programs()
commands
is not defined.
Generated Installation Script¶
Note
Use of this feature is not recommended. Please consider using the
--install
argument of cmake(1)
instead.
The install()
command generates a file, cmake_install.cmake
, inside
the build directory, which is used internally by the generated install target
and by CPack. You can also invoke this script manually with cmake -P
. This
script accepts several variables:
COMPONENT
Set this variable to install only a single CPack component as opposed to all of them. For example, if you only want to install the
Development
component, runcmake -DCOMPONENT=Development -P cmake_install.cmake
.BUILD_TYPE
Set this variable to change the build type if you are using a multi-config generator. For example, to install with the
Debug
configuration, runcmake -DBUILD_TYPE=Debug -P cmake_install.cmake
.DESTDIR
This is an environment variable rather than a CMake variable. It allows you to change the installation prefix on UNIX systems. See
DESTDIR
for details.